AI Orchestration
The coordination of models, agents, tools, data, rules and human controls to complete an AI-enabled process.
Most AI value in operations comes from multi-step processes rather than single prompts, so orchestration determines whether those processes are reliable, auditable and affordable enough to run in production.
An insurance intake flow routes each email to a classifier model, extracts policy fields with a second model, checks them against the CRM through an API, sends claims above $10,000 to a human adjuster and logs every step for audit.
Adding agents and steps multiplies latency, cost and points of failure, and errors from one model can pass silently to the next. Orchestration frameworks do not fix poor data, unclear process ownership or missing evaluation of each step.
An orchestration layer defines the sequence or graph of steps, chooses which model, agent or tool handles each one, passes state and context between them, and enforces rules such as retries, timeouts, permissions and human approval points. Common patterns include sequential pipelines, parallel fan-out, router or handoff designs and supervisor agents. Telemetry and evaluation hooks track quality and cost per step.
AI Governance, Systems Architecture
IBM — What is AI orchestration? — https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/ai-orchestration; Microsoft Learn — AI agent orchestration patterns — https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/ai-ml/guide/ai-agent-design-patterns
